The caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, genome provides insights into highland adaptation of fungal pathogenicity

Scientific Reports
En-Hua XiaLi-Zhi Gao

Abstract

To understand the potential genetic basis of highland adaptation of fungal pathogenicity, we present here the ~116 Mb de novo assembled high-quality genome of Ophiocordyceps sinensis endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Compared with other plain-dwelling fungi, we find about 3.4-fold inflation of the O. sinensis genome due to a rapid amplification of long terminal repeat retrotransposons that occurred ~38 million years ago in concert with the uplift of the plateau. We also observe massive removal of thousands of genes related to the transport process and energy metabolism. O. sinensis displays considerable lineage-specific expansion of gene families functionally enriched in the adaptability of low-temperature of cold tolerance, fungal pathogenicity and specialized host infection. We detect signals of positive selection for genes involved in peroxidase and hypoxia to enable its highland adaptation. Resequencing and analyzing 31 whole genomes of O. sinensis, representing nearly all of its geographic range, exhibits latitude-based population divergence and nature selection for population inhabitation towards higher altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

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Citations

Apr 19, 2018·G3 : Genes - Genomes - Genetics·Chenghua ZhangTaihui Li
Jun 19, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Peng QinDengXue Lu
Jun 25, 2020·Genome Biology and Evolution·Ruihao ShuQilian Qin
Oct 24, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kelly A HoppingEric F Lambin
Jun 25, 2021·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Qian MengZhen Zou

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA382001

Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
RNA-Seq
PCA
environmental stresses
454 sequencing

Software Mentioned

EvidenceModeler
Newbler
SSPACE
Blastall
RECON
R
ArcGIS
STRUCT
LTR
pheatmap

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