PMID: 9448904Aug 1, 1997Paper

The cell biology of atherosclerosis--new developments

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine
J H Campbell, G R Campbell

Abstract

In the development of atherosclerotic lesions, three basic processes occur: 1) invasion of the artery wall by leucocytes, particularly monocytes and T-lymphocytes; 2) smooth muscle phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and synthesis of extracellular matrix; and 3) intracellular (macrophage and smooth muscle) lipoprotein uptake and lipid accumulation. Invasion of the vessel wall by leucocytes is mediated through the expression of adhesion molecules on both leucocytes and the endothelium making them 'sticky'. The adhesion molecules are induced by inflammatory mediators released from leucocytes and endothelium, and these in turn are induced by high serum cholesterol levels or complement fragments. Leucocytes which have adhered to the endothelium are chemo-attracted into the vessel wall by cytokines produced by early arriving leucocytes or by low density lipoprotein which has passively passed into the wall, in the process being trapped and oxidised. The oxidised low density lipoprotein is taken up by scavenger receptors (which are not subject to down-regulation) on both macrophages and smooth muscle cells. The overaccumulation of lipid is toxic to the cells and they die contributing to the central necrotic core. The macrophages and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2000·Neurobiology of Aging·R N Kalaria
Aug 9, 2001·Coronary Artery Disease·R VoisardV Hombach
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Dec 8, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering·Hossein Ali PakravanBahar Firoozabadi

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