The chemokine CXCL16 can rescue the defects in insulin signaling and sensitivity caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes.

Cytokine
Stavroula Bitsi

Abstract

In obesity, macrophages infiltrate peripheral tissues and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that impact local insulin sensitivity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the saturated fatty acid (FA) palmitate polarise macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype in vitro and indirectly cause insulin resistance (IR) in myotubes. In contrast, unsaturated FAs confer an anti-inflammatory phenotype and counteract the actions of palmitate. To explore paracrine mechanisms of interest, J774 macrophages were exposed to palmitate ± palmitoleate or control medium and the conditioned media generated were screened using a cytokine array. Of the 62 cytokines examined, 8 were significantly differentially expressed following FA treatments. Notably, CXCL16 secretion was downregulated by palmitate. In follow-up experiments using ELISAs, this downregulation was confirmed and reversed by simultaneous addition of palmitoleate or oleate, while LPS also diminished CXCL16 secretion. To dissect potential effects of CXCL16, C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitate to induce IR, recombinant soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16), combined treatment, or control medium. Palmitate caused the expected reduction of insulin-stimulated Akt activation and glycogen synthesis, wh...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1995·Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology·T YamakawaH Sekihara
Mar 17, 2001·Chemistry & Biology·T Kodadek
Jul 20, 2001·Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·H E Lebovitz
Aug 7, 2003·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Takeshi ShimaokaShin Yonehara
Aug 21, 2003·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Seddon Y ThomasAndrew D Luster
Apr 1, 2005·PLoS Biology·Frederic GeissmannDan R Littman
May 11, 2005·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Xin ZhugeToru Kita
Aug 6, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Xiaofeng JiangKen-ichiro Seino
Dec 13, 2005·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Stuart P WeisbergAnthony W Ferrante
Jul 1, 2006·Clinical Chemistry·Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
Oct 21, 2006·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Hang ShiJeffrey S Flier
Jan 30, 2007·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Michael LehrkeMuredach P Reilly
Mar 18, 2008·Molecular Cancer Research : MCR·Yi LuJian Zhang
Apr 1, 2008·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Anja SchrammePaul Gutwein
May 22, 2008·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Joakim HuberThomas M Stulnig
Oct 9, 2008·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Victor SamokhvalovAmira Klip
Apr 2, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Vijayalakshmi VarmaCharlotte A Peterson
May 6, 2009·Experimental Lung Research·Caroline DayAndrew J Wardlaw
Feb 13, 2010·Annual Review of Physiology·Jerrold M Olefsky, Christopher K Glass
Sep 18, 2010·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Julia DiegelmannStephan Brand
Jan 29, 2011·Diabetes Care·Pirkko J PussinenVeikko Salomaa
Feb 14, 2012·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity·Olga T HardySilvia Corvera
Mar 24, 2012·Diabetes·Roy Taylor
Apr 19, 2012·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Thérèse Hérvée MayiGiulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
Dec 12, 2012·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Ahmad NasimianReza Meshkani
Feb 13, 2013·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Yongqing LvPeili Bu
Aug 15, 2013·Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR·Yao-Hui WangZheng-Gang Ren

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.