The chick embryo as a model for the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol on craniofacial development

Developmental Biology
Clemens Kiecker

Abstract

Prenatal exposure to ethanol results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a syndrome characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations including craniofacial dysmorphologies and neurological defects. The characterisation of the mechanisms by which ethanol exerts its teratogenic effects is difficult due to the pleiotropic nature of its actions. Different experimental model systems have been employed to investigate the aetiology of FASD. Here, I will review studies using these different model organisms that have helped to elucidate how ethanol causes the craniofacial abnormalities characteristic of FASD. In these studies, ethanol was found to impair the prechordal plate-an important embryonic signalling centre-during gastrulation and to negatively affect the induction, migration and survival of the neural crest, a cell population that generates the cartilage and most of the bones of the skull. At the cellular level, ethanol appears to inhibit Sonic hedgehog signalling, alter levels of retionoic acid activity, trigger a Ca(2+)-CamKII-dependent pathway that antagonises WNT signalling, affect cytoskeletal dynamics and increase oxidative stress. Embryos of the domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus have played a centra...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2016·Developmental Biology·Karen J Liu
Sep 15, 2016·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology·C LovelyJohann Eberhart
Aug 18, 2017·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Yohaan FernandesJohann K Eberhart
Oct 27, 2017·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Abraham Fainsod, Hadas Kot-Leibovich
Aug 10, 2017·Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire·Bhushan M Kapur, Marta Baber
Jan 8, 2019·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Berardino PetrelliAbraham Fainsod
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Nov 28, 2019·Birth Defects Research·Charles Benjamin Lovely
Jul 18, 2020·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Diego A GomezOmar A Abdul-Rahman
Nov 18, 2020·Reproductive Toxicology·Thomas B KnudsenNancy C Baker
Mar 5, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Beate RieblingerBenjamin Schusser
Nov 6, 2021·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·Yohaan Fernandes, C Ben Lovely

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