The Colorful Palette of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Genitourinary Tract

Anticancer Research
Boglárka PósfaiAnikó Maráz

Abstract

Neuroendocrine neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors. Primary neuroendocrine tumors in the genitourinary tract are rare, comprising approximately 1-2% of genitourinary malignancies. An extensive search was performed for publications between 2000 and 2018 regarding neuroendocrine tumors of the genitourinary tract. Epidemiological, clinical, histopathological, prognostic and therapeutic data were evaluated. Neuroendocrine tumors of the kidneys are exceedingly rare, mostly well-differentiated. 0.5-1% of all primary bladder malignancies are small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Characteristically, prostatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation occurs in androgen receptor-independent/castrate-resistant cancer. Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are the most aggressive tumors in each location. Due to the rarity and poor prognosis of these tumors, proper pathological diagnosis and early therapy are important. Therapeutic guidelines are not available. Surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are possible treatment options; somatostatin analogs are used as standard therapy in case of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.

Citations

Jan 12, 2019·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Katelin SislerMary McLennan
Dec 11, 2020·Human Pathology·Maria Del Carmen Rodriguez PenaGeorge J Netto
Dec 9, 2020·Clinical Genitourinary Cancer·Zhenglin YiXiongbing Zu

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