The Compact Body Plan of Tardigrades Evolved by the Loss of a Large Body Region

Current Biology : CB
Frank W SmithBob Goldstein

Abstract

The superphylum Panarthropoda (Arthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada) exhibits a remarkable diversity of segment morphologies, enabling these animals to occupy diverse ecological niches. The molecular identities of these segments are specified by Hox genes and other axis patterning genes during development [1, 2]. Comparisons of molecular segment identities between arthropod and onychophoran species have yielded important insights into the origins and diversification of their body plans [3-9]. However, the relationship of the segments of tardigrades to those of arthropods and onychophorans has remained enigmatic [10, 11], limiting our understanding of early panarthropod body plan diversification. Here, we reveal molecular identities for all of the segments of a tardigrade. Based on our analysis, we conclude that tardigrades have lost a large intermediate region of the body axis-a region corresponding to the entire thorax and most of the abdomen of insects-and that they have lost the Hox genes that originally specified this region. Our data suggest that nearly the entire tardigrade body axis is homologous to just the head region of arthropods. Based on our results, we reconstruct a last common ancestor of Panarthropoda that ha...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 10, 2016·Current Biology : CB·Florian Maderspacher
May 24, 2016·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Maureen A O'MalleyIñaki Ruiz-Trillo
Oct 25, 2016·Trends in Cell Biology·Bob Goldstein, Nicole King
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Nov 5, 2016·Arthropod Structure & Development·Frank W Smith, Bob Goldstein
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Feb 1, 2017·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Jean-Bernard Caron, Cédric Aria
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Nov 6, 2018·Cold Spring Harbor Protocols·Frank W Smith, Willow N Gabriel
Dec 23, 2019·BMC Developmental Biology·Yuki YoshidaKazuharu Arakawa
Sep 29, 2017·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Ariel D Chipman, Douglas H Erwin
Nov 6, 2018·Cold Spring Harbor Protocols·Bob Goldstein
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Jun 24, 2018·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Uriel Koziol
May 28, 2021·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Jasmine A Nirody
Aug 31, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Nikhil Hajirnis, Rakesh K Mishra

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