The composition of unrecorded alcohol from eastern Ukraine: is there a toxicological concern beyond ethanol alone?

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Dirk W LachenmeierJürgen Rehm

Abstract

In 2005, approximately half of all alcohol consumption in Ukraine was unrecorded. This paper investigates the chemical composition of unrecorded and low-cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. A sample of alcohol products (n=78) from both recorded and unrecorded sources was obtained mainly from eastern Ukraine, and chemically analyzed. Analysis entailed alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, anions, and inorganic elements. The majority of unrecorded alcohol was homemade samohon with alcoholic strength averaging close to 40% vol. A limited number of samples, advertised for medicinal purposes, were identified with high alcoholic strengths (above 60% vol.). Single samples showed contamination with acetaldehyde and ethyl carbamate above the levels of toxicological concern. Metal contamination was frequent, with copper levels above 2mg/l in 33 samples, and zinc above 5mg/l in 10 samples. Overall, however, the composition of unrecorded samples did not raise major public health concerns other those for ethanol. The priority of alcohol policy in Ukraine should be the general reduction of alcohol consumption with a specific focus on that from small-scale h...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 13, 2011·Journal of Automated Methods & Management in Chemistry·Michael Uebelacker, Dirk W Lachenmeier
Feb 10, 2012·Interdisciplinary Toxicology·Yuriy V SolodunDirk W Lachenmeier
Nov 23, 2013·The American Journal of Medicine·Sam R Dalvi, Michael Pillinger
Jan 19, 2011·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Dirk W LachenmeierJürgen Rehm
May 16, 2013·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·Dirk W Lachenmeier, Jürgen Rehm
Feb 19, 2015·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·László PálSándor Szűcs
Jun 7, 2015·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·M Mustafa ArslanNecmi Cekin
May 29, 2012·Journal of Hepatology·UNKNOWN European Association for the Study of Liver
Sep 14, 2016·International Journal of High Risk Behaviors & Addiction·Bita DadpourAmir Habibi Tamijani
Aug 9, 2016·Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine·Hasan GökceSumeyra Demirkiran
May 17, 2019·Drug and Alcohol Review·Yvonne LaoKnut Erik Hovda
Jun 27, 2019·Central European Journal of Public Health·Mária TatarkováHenrieta Hudečková
Dec 18, 2019·Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy·Nasim ZamaniShahab Shariati
Apr 9, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Dirk W Lachenmeier

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