The Contribution of Cervicovaginal Infections to the Immunomodulatory Effects of Hormonal Contraception

MBio
Raina N FichorovaChristine K Mauck

Abstract

Particular types of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) and genital tract infections have been independently associated with risk of HIV-1 acquisition. We examined whether immunity in women using injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), combined oral contraceptives (COC), or no HCs differs by the presence of cervicovaginal infections. Immune mediators were quantified in cervical swabs from 832 HIV-uninfected reproductive-age Ugandans and Zimbabweans. Bacterial infections and HIV were diagnosed by PCR, genital herpes serostatus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), altered microflora by Nugent score, and Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans infection by wet mount. Generalized linear models utilizing Box-Cox-Power transformation examined associations between levels of mediators, infection status, and HCs. In no-HC users, T. vaginalis was associated with broadest spectrum of aberrant immunity (higher interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α [MIP-3α], β-defensin 2 [BD2], and IL-1 receptor antigen [IL-1RA]). In women with a normal Nugent score and no genital infection, compared to the no-HC group, COC users showed higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1RA, while DMPA users showed high...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Dec 10, 2015·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Christine MauckGustavo Doncel
Aug 2, 2016·Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine·Maria KyrgiouAnna-Barbara Moscicki
Apr 9, 2016·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Kerry Murphy, Caroline M Mitchell
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Apr 7, 2017·The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care·G Justus HofmeyrMarleen Temmerman
Mar 6, 2018·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Eileen P Scully
Jul 18, 2018·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology : AJRI·Haley A DupontCharu Kaushic
Feb 13, 2016·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Andrew B OnderdonkRaina N Fichorova
Jan 9, 2019·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Mimi GhoshSeble Kassaye
Jan 9, 2018·Endocrine Reviews·Janet P HapgoodZdenek Hel
Aug 31, 2019·Journal of the International AIDS Society·Ruth MwatelahSalim S Abdool Karim
Jan 28, 2020·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Charles S MorrisonRaina N Fichorova
Aug 30, 2017·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·Mohamed RezkRagab Dawood
May 4, 2016·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Lyle R McKinnon, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Apr 19, 2019·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Andrea ThurmanGustavo F Doncel
Aug 30, 2018·Disease Models & Mechanisms·Jocelyn M WesselsCharu Kaushic
Jan 1, 2020·Current Clinical Microbiology Reports·Amy Berry, Jennifer V Hall
Feb 16, 2021·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Rebecca G NowakPatti E Gravitt

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
contraception
lavage
PCR
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
protein assay

Software Mentioned

SAS

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