The contribution of single and double cones to spectral sensitivity in budgerigars during changing light conditions

Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
Olle LindAlmut Kelber

Abstract

Bird colour vision is mediated by single cones, while double cones and rods mediate luminance vision in bright and dim light, respectively. In daylight conditions, birds use colour vision to discriminate large objects such as fruit and plumage patches, and luminance vision to detect fine spatial detail and motion. However, decreasing light intensity favours achromatic mechanisms and eventually, in dim light, luminance vision outperforms colour vision in all visual tasks. We have used behavioural tests in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) to investigate how single cones, double cones and rods contribute to spectral sensitivity for large (3.4°) static monochromatic stimuli at light intensities ranging from 0.08 to 63.5 cd/m². We found no influences of rods at any intensity level. Single cones dominate the spectral sensitivity function at intensities above 1.1 cd/m², as predicted by a receptor noise-limited colour discrimination model. Below 1.1 cd/m², spectral sensitivity is lower than expected at all wavelengths except 575 nm, which corresponds to double cone function. We suggest that luminance vision mediated by double cones restores visual sensitivity when single cone sensitivity quickly decreases at light intensities clos...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 21, 2014·Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology·Francismeire Jane TellesAlmut Kelber
Oct 9, 2015·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Matthew B ToomeyJoseph C Corbo
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Nov 16, 2016·Vision Research·Peter OlssonAlmut Kelber
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Nov 8, 2014·Biology Letters·Johanna ChavezOlle Lind
Jan 26, 2020·Veterinary Ophthalmology·Filipe Espinheira GomesJessica McArt
May 24, 2017·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Olle LindDaniel Osorio
Jan 24, 2019·Nature Communications·Cynthia Tedore, Dan-Eric Nilsson
Aug 11, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Daniel Escobar-CamachoKaren L Carleton
Feb 28, 2021·Vision Research·Cynthia Tedore, Dan-Eric Nilsson
Jan 23, 2015·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Peter OlssonAlmut Kelber
May 26, 2021·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Sebastián Risau-Gusman

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