The controversies of parabens - an overview nowadays.

Acta Pharmaceutica : a Quarterly Journal of Croatian Pharmaceutical Society and Slovenian Pharmaceutical Society, Dealing with All Branches of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences
Zvonimir PetricIrena Žuntar

Abstract

Effects of paraben toxicity, i.e., endocrine-disruption properties, are in the focus of researchers for decades, but still - they are a hot subject of debate. Parabens are aliphatic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents for the preservation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Mostly used parabens are methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben. Although the toxicity of parabens is reported in animals and in in vitro studies, it cannot be taken for granted when discussing hazards for human health due to an unrealistic exposure -safety profile. Many studies have demonstrated that parabens are non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic and the real evidence for their toxicity in humans has not been established. For now, methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben are considered safe for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals within the recommended range of doses. Regarding alternatives for parabens, a variety of approaches have been proposed, but every substitute would need to be tested rigorously for toxicity and safety.

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Citations

May 26, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Fang WeiLiang-Hong Guo
Oct 8, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Krystyna MakowskaSławomir Gonkowski

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