The Critical Roles of Zinc: Beyond Impact on Myocardial Signaling

The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology
Sung Ryul LeeJin Han

Abstract

Zinc has been considered as a vital constituent of proteins, including enzymes. Mobile reactive zinc (Zn(2+)) is the key form of zinc involved in signal transductions, which are mainly driven by its binding to proteins or the release of zinc from proteins, possibly via a redox switch. There has been growing evidence of zinc's critical role in cell signaling, due to its flexible coordination geometry and rapid shifts in protein conformation to perform biological reactions. The importance and complexity of Zn(2+) activity has been presumed to parallel the degree of calcium's participation in cellular processes. Whole body and cellular Zn(2+) levels are largely regulated by metallothioneins (MTs), Zn(2+) importers (ZIPs), and Zn(2+) transporters (ZnTs). Numerous proteins involved in signaling pathways, mitochondrial metabolism, and ion channels that play a pivotal role in controlling cardiac contractility are common targets of Zn(2+). However, these regulatory actions of Zn(2+) are not limited to the function of the heart, but also extend to numerous other organ systems, such as the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular tissue, and secretory glands, such as the pancreas, prostate, and mammary glands. In this review...Continue Reading

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