The Current State of Molecular Testing in the BRAF-Mutated Melanoma Landscape

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
Irene VanniPaola Ghiorzo

Abstract

The incidence of melanoma, among the most lethal cancers, is widespread and increasing. Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis, representing about 90% of skin cancer mortality. The increased knowledge of tumor biology and the greater understanding of the immune system role in the anti-tumor response has allowed us to develop a more rational approach to systemic therapies. The discovery of activating BRAF mutations in half of all melanomas has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, which dramatically improved outcomes of patients with stage IV BRAF-mutant melanoma. More recently, the results of clinical phase III studies conducted in the adjuvant setting led to the combined administration of BRAF and MEK inhibitors also in patients with resected high-risk melanoma (stage III). Therefore, BRAF mutation testing has become a priority to determine the oncologist's choice and course of therapy. In this review, we will report the molecular biology-based strategies used for BRAF mutation detection with the main advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used diagnostic strategies. The timing of such molecular assessment in patients with cutaneous melanoma will be discussed, and we ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Irene VanniPaola Ghiorzo
Aug 8, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Enrica Teresa TandaFrancesco Spagnolo
Feb 6, 2021·Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine : CCLM·Pamela PinzaniSilvia Galbiati
Jun 15, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Cristian ScatenaSara Tomei

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
GTPase
PCR
biopsies
genotyping
single-cell sequencing

Software Mentioned

GLOBOCAN
MassARRAY®
FoundationOne
Idylla

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