The description of all four cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease in a Hungarian medical text published in 1690

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Dániel Bereczki

Abstract

One of the most prevalent neurological disorders is Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by four cardinal signs: tremor, bradykinesia, rigor and postural instability. Although individual signs of Parkinson's disease - most frequently tremor - have been described since ancient times, the first systematic description of the disease is attributed to James Parkinson in 1817. Here we present evidence that not only individual signs, but the disease itself with all four cardinal signs were described in 1690 by Ferenc Pápai Páriz, in a Hungarian medical text over 120 years before the classical description of James Parkinson. In this article I draw the reader's attention to the descriptive chapter in Pápai's book that was published in Hungarian, which because it is understood by so few people, has resulted in this description of PD being ignored in the medical literature.

References

Jan 1, 1990·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·B V Manyam
Mar 2, 1989·The New England Journal of Medicine·D B CalneG Stern
Jun 1, 1989·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·G Stern
Sep 26, 1997·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·P J Koehler, A Keyser

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Citations

Aug 23, 2011·Journal of Neural Transmission·Dénes ZádoriLászló Vécsei
Oct 19, 2011·Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·Francesco Raudino
May 23, 2015·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Gautam DagurSardar Khan
May 22, 2016·Journal of Neurochemistry·Daniela Maria Vogt WeisenhornWolfgang Wurst
May 9, 2018·Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine·Lee Xenakis Blonder
Jul 22, 2019·Experimental Brain Research·Federica ScarpinaAnna Sedda
Sep 13, 2017·Neuroscience Bulletin·Song Li, Weidong Le
Sep 3, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Yogesh Bhattarai, Purna C Kashyap
May 1, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Ágoston PatthyAlán Alpár

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