The development and use of facial grimace scales for pain measurement in animals.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Jeffrey S MogilChristine T Chambers

Abstract

The measurement of pain in animals is surprisingly complex, and remains a critical issue in veterinary care and biomedical research. Based on the known utility of pain measurement via facial expression in verbal and especially non-verbal human populations, "grimace scales" were first developed a decade ago for use in rodents and now exist for 10 different mammalian species. This review details the background context, historical development, features (including duration), psychometric properties, modulatory factors, and impact of animal grimace scales for pain.

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Citations

Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Blake A KimmeyGregory Corder
Nov 19, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Elena NavarroXavier Manteca
Feb 19, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Huaishuang ShenVivianne L Tawfik
Mar 13, 2021·Progress in Neurobiology·Rabia Bouali-BenazzouzPascal Fossat
Mar 16, 2021·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Jan Pieter Konsman
Apr 4, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Alexandra L WhittakerTimothy H Barker
Jul 14, 2021·Pain·Ann M GregusMatthew W Buczynski

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