The development and validation of the Contemporary Critical Consciousness Measure II

Journal of Counseling Psychology
Richard Q ShinStephanie Yee

Abstract

Critical consciousness (CC) has been heralded as an antidote to oppression. Developed by the Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire, CC represents the process by which individuals gain awareness of societal inequities and subsequently take action to dismantle the systems and institutions that sustain them. Empirically supported instruments intended to assess this important construct have only been recently introduced to the literature and have focused specifically on racism, classism, and heterosexism. The purpose of this project was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of CC that expands assessment into sexism, cissexism (genderism/transphobia), and ableism. Two studies with a total of 569 observations provided initial reliability and validity evidence on the Contemporary Critical Consciousness Measure II (CCCMII). Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the final 37-item CCCMII provides a general index of CC as well as assesses CC associated with sexism and ableism above and beyond the general factor. Results support the internal consistency and factor structure of the measure. Expected relationships between the CCCMII and existing measures of sexism, cissexism, and ableism provide evidence for...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 4, 2019·American Journal of Community Psychology·Randolph C H Chan, Winnie W S Mak
Feb 28, 2020·American Journal of Community Psychology·Nathan R ToddBrett A Boeh Bergmann
Apr 18, 2020·Journal of Community Psychology·Sukhmani SinghCorianna E Sichel
Mar 16, 2021·American Journal of Community Psychology·Charles Chiu Hung Yip, Kevin Ka Shing Chan

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