The diagnostic value of saccades in movement disorder patients: a practical guide and review

Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders
Pichet TermsarasabSteven J Frucht

Abstract

Saccades are rapid eye movements designed to shift the fovea to objects of visual interest. Abnormalities of saccades offer important clues in the diagnosis of a number of movement disorders. In this review, we explore the anatomy of horizontal and vertical saccades, discuss practical aspects of their examination, and review how saccadic abnormalities in hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders aid in diagnosis, with video demonstration of classic examples. Documentation of the ease of saccade initiation, range of motion and conjugacy of saccades, speed and accuracy of saccades, dynamic saccadic trajectory, and the presence or absence of saccadic intrusions and oscillations are important components of this exam. We also provide a practical algorithm to demonstrate the value of saccades in the differential diagnosis of the movement disorders patient.

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Citations

Dec 27, 2016·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Ján Necpál, Matej Skorvanek
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May 19, 2021·Nature Communications·William Schreiber-StainthorpDima A Hammoud

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