PMID: 11925374Apr 2, 2002Paper

The diaphragm with and without spermicide for contraception: a Cochrane review

Human Reproduction
L CookDavid A Grimes

Abstract

The diaphragm is usually used with a spermicide. However, some practitioners have suggested that spermicides offer no additional contraceptive protection and have advocated alternative guidelines for the use of diaphragms. The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of the diaphragm with and without spermicide. We searched Medline, Embase, Popline, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference lists of relevant articles. In addition, we contacted experts in the field to identify unpublished studies. Randomized controlled trials comparing women of reproductive age using the diaphragm with and without spermicide as the sole contraceptive method that reported clinical outcomes were selected. Two reviewers independently extracted data on outcomes and trial characteristics and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus or by consultation with the third reviewer. The results of the one identified study are presented descriptively. We identified only one study. No significant difference was found in the pregnancy rates (with typical use or consistent use) or discontinuation rates between the diaphragm-with-spermicide and diaphragm-without-spermicide groups. There was a tren...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 22, 2002·Lancet·Caroline Crowther, David Henderson-Smart
Jan 9, 2003·Lancet·Terho Heikkinen, Asko Järvinen
Mar 7, 2003·Lancet·Alan R Gaby
Oct 4, 2005·Patient Education and Counseling·Iris WeijmanJacques A M Winnubst
Jun 19, 2001·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·L CookD Grimes
Jan 22, 2003·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·L CookD Grimes

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