The draft genome of strain c Cpun from biting midges confirms insect Cardinium are not a monophyletic group and reveals a novel gene family expansion in a symbiont

PeerJ
Stefanos SioziosGregory D D Hurst

Abstract

It is estimated that 13% of arthropod species carry the heritable symbiont Cardinium hertigii. 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence divides this species into at least four groups (A-D), with the A group infecting a range of arthropods, the B group infecting nematode worms, the C group infecting Culicoides biting midges, and the D group associated with the marine copepod Nitocra spinipes. To date, genome sequence has only been available for strains from groups A and B, impeding general understanding of the evolutionary history of the radiation. We present a draft genome sequence for a C group Cardinium, motivated both by the paucity of genomic information outside of the A and B group, and the importance of Culicoides biting midge hosts as arbovirus vectors. We reconstructed the genome of cCpun, a Cardinium strain from group C that naturally infects Culicoides punctatus, through Illumina sequencing of infected host specimens. The draft genome presented has high completeness, with BUSCO scores comparable to closed group A Cardinium genomes. Phylogenomic analysis based on concatenated single copy core proteins do not support Cardinium from arthropod hosts as a monophyletic group, with nematode Cardinium strains nested within the two groups i...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA487198

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

BottScan
IQTRE
MaxChi
trimAl
Chimera
Skylign
tblastx
Bowtie2
MAFFT
REAPR

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