The dual role of Andean topography in primary divergence: functional and neutral variation among populations of the hummingbird, Metallura tyrianthina

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Phred M Benham, Christopher C Witt

Abstract

The ridges and valleys of the Andes create physical barriers that limit animal dispersal and cause deterministic local variation in rainfall. This has resulted in physical isolation of animal populations and variation in habitats, each of which has likely contributed to the evolution of high species diversity in the region. However, the relative influences of geographic isolation, ecoclimatic conditions, and their potential interactions remain poorly understood. To address this, we compared patterns of genetic and morphological diversity in Peruvian populations of the hummingbird Metallura tyrianthina. Phylogenetic and variation partitioning analyses showed that geographic isolation rather than climatic dissimilarity explained the greatest proportion of genetic variance. In contrast, bill length variation was explained by climatic seasonality, but not by genetic divergence. We found that mutation-scaled migration rate (m) between persistently humid and semi-humid environments was nearly 20 times higher when the habitats were contiguous (m = 39.9) than when separated by a barrier, the Cordillera de Vilcanota (m = 2.1). Moreover, the population experiencing more gene flow exhibited a lesser degree of bill length divergence despit...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 7, 2016·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Víctor NogueralesJoaquín Ortego
Apr 13, 2017·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Benjamin M Winger

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
EU042569.1
KU527140-KU527416

Software Mentioned

vegan ’
AWTY
R package pwr
Sequencer
NETWORK
MUSCLE
DIVA
GIS
WorldClim
vegan

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