The effect of a more strict 2014 DEA schedule designation for hydrocodone products on opioid prescription rates in the United States

Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
Matthew L Harrison, Thomas L Walsh

Abstract

Background: From 1999 to 2010, the annual number of US deaths due to opioid overdose increased about 400% as the number of opioids prescribed yearly also increased by approximately 400%. Over this period, hydrocodone combination products drove the opioid epidemic, as they became the most frequently prescribed medication in the United States. Our objective was to determine if the Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA) 2014 policy change - which made it more difficult to prescribe hydrocodone combination products by moving them from Schedule III to Schedule II - reduced the total amount of opioid prescriptions as intended. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the 10 most populous US states, beginning at the time each state began collecting data on opioid prescribing, and concluding at the end of 2016. The exposure was the DEA-mandated October 6, 2014 hydrocodone combination product schedule change. Results: After the DEA's schedule change for hydrocodone combination products, the total number of opioids prescribed each year per 100 people did not substantially change in California, Florida, Michigan, or New York. Although prescription rates dropped for hydrocodone combination products (CA: 43.2, 35.0; MI: 66.8, 55.6;...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 20, 2020·Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·Anthony D MahairasMatthew L Bush
Jun 20, 2020·Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·Anthony D MahairasMatthew L Bush
Aug 26, 2020·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Alice WuDorie E Apollonio
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Nov 1, 2020·Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·Silken A UsmaniScott Martin Vouri
Mar 23, 2021·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Rachel A McKennaInes C Lin

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