The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood.

Brain Structure & Function
Christos PliatsikasMichael T Ullman

Abstract

Bilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults, as evidenced by experience-dependent grey and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, and control. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. We examined the developmental patterns of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (n = 711 for grey matter, n = 637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3-21 years. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, and surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We used generalized additive modelling to analyze whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both grey and white matter structures. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: (a) more grey matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in the inferior frontal gyru...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 17, 2020·BJPsych International
Mar 28, 2021·Trends in Cognitive Sciences·Ellen Bialystok
Jul 22, 2021·Human Brain Mapping·Mikael NovénMikael Roll
Aug 22, 2021·Developmental Science·Maria M ArredondoJanet F Werker
Nov 4, 2021·Human Brain Mapping·Arianna SalaDaniela Perani

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GAM

Software Mentioned

mcgv
R
PING
R Core Team
Freesurfer

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