The effect of early life antibiotic exposures on diarrheal rates among young children in Vellore, India

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
Elizabeth T RogawskiGagandeep Kang

Abstract

Antibiotic treatment of childhood illnesses is common in India. In addition to contributing to antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics might result in increased susceptibility to diarrhea through interactions with the gastrointestinal microbiota. Breast milk, which enriches the microbiota early in life, may increase the resilience of the microbiota against perturbations by antibiotics. In a prospective observational cohort study, we assessed whether antibiotic exposures from birth to 6 months affected rates of diarrhea up to age 3 years among 465 children from Vellore, India. Adjusting for treatment indicators, we modeled diarrheal rates among children exposed and unexposed to antibiotics using negative binomial regression. We further assessed whether the effect of antibiotics on diarrheal rates was modified by exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. More than half of the children (n = 267, 57.4%) were given at least one course of antibiotics in the first 6 months of life. The adjusted relative incidence rate of diarrhea was 33% higher among children who received antibiotics under 6 months of age compared with those who did not (incidence rate ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.57). Children who were exclusively breastfed...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 16, 2015·The Journal of Pediatrics·Elizabeth T RogawskiGagandeep Kang
Dec 2, 2015·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Elizabeth T RogawskiDaniel J Westreich
Jun 13, 2017·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Elizabeth T RogawskiUNKNOWN MAL-ED Network Investigators
Aug 4, 2015·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·A Clinton White, Gagandeep Kang
Mar 12, 2016·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Andrew J Prendergast, Paul Kelly
Nov 13, 2020·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Sudhanshu Shekhar, Fernanda Cristina Petersen

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Cesarean section

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