The effect of follower load on the intersegmental coupled motion characteristics of the human thoracic spine: An in vitro study using entire rib cage specimens

Journal of Biomechanics
Christian LiebschHans-Joachim Wilke

Abstract

The mechanical coupling behaviour of the thoracic spine is still not fully understood. For the validation of numerical models of the thoracic spine, however, the coupled motions within the single spinal segments are of importance to achieve high model accuracy. In the present study, eight fresh frozen human thoracic spinal specimens (C7-L1, mean age 54 ± 6 years) including the intact rib cage were loaded with pure bending moments of 5 Nm in flexion/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) with and without a follower load of 400 N. During loading, the relative motions of each vertebra were monitored. Follower load decreased the overall ROM (T1-T12) significantly (p < 0.01) in all primary motion directions (extension: -46%, left LB: -72%, right LB: -72%, left AR: -26%, right AR: -26%) except flexion (-36%). Substantial coupled motion was found in lateral bending with ipsilateral axial rotation, which increased after a follower load was applied, leading to a dominant axial rotation during primary lateral bending, while all other coupled motions in the different motion directions were reduced under follower load. On the monosegmental level, the follower load especially reduced the ROM of the upper thoracic spin...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 31, 2019·European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·Hans-Joachim WilkeChristian Liebsch
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Christian Liebsch, Hans-Joachim Wilke
Jul 7, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Hans-Joachim WilkeChristian Liebsch

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