PMID: 20111761Jan 30, 2010Paper

The effect of gender on tooth and gingival display in the anterior region at rest and during smiling.

The European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry : Official Journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
Riyad Al-HabahbehFarrooq Al-Omari

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender on the degree of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and associated gingival display when the lips are at rest and during smiling. A total of 247 subjects (144 females [58.3%]; 103 males [41.7%]) were included in the study. All of the subjects had all natural anterior teeth present with no caries, extreme occlusal wear, restorations, extrusion, obvious deformities, or tooth mobility. Subjects with a history of congenital anomalies, lip trauma, or facial surgery were excluded. Crown length, displayed portions of anterior teeth, and associated gingivae at rest and during smiling were measured using a Fowler electronic digital caliper, which had a resolution of 0.01 mm. The visible portions of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured vertically from the lower border of the upper lip to the incisal edge of the incisors, or cusp tip for the canines. The visible portions of the mandibular anterior teeth were measured vertically from the upper border of the lower lip to the incisal edges of the incisors, or cusp tip for the canines at the midpoint of the tooth. The measurements were taken by two independent clinicians and they were repeated three times and the ...Continue Reading

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