PMID: 16526516Mar 11, 2006Paper

The effect of intraspecific sample size on type I and type II error rates in comparative studies

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
Luke J Harmon, Jonathan B Losos

Abstract

Comparative studies have increased greatly in number in recent years due to advances in statistical and phylogenetic methodologies. For these studies, a trade-off often exists between the number of species that can be included in any given study and the number of individuals examined per species. Here, we describe a simple simulation study examining the effect of intraspecific sample size on statistical error in comparative studies. We find that ignoring measurement error has no effect on type I error of nonphylogenetic analyses, but can lead to increased type I error under some circumstances when using independent contrasts. We suggest using ANOVA to evaluate the relative amounts of within- and between-species variation when considering a phylogenetic comparative study. If within-species variance is particularly large and intraspecific sample sizes small, then either larger sample sizes or comparative methods that account for measurement error are necessary.

References

Aug 3, 2004·Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ·Mohammed A al-KahtaniTheodore Garland
Aug 19, 2008·The American Naturalist·R P FreckletonM Pagel

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Citations

Sep 16, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jordan M MooreTimothy J Devoogd
Sep 18, 2008·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Alejandro Gonzalez-VoyerNiclas Kolm
Aug 17, 2012·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Simone ImmlerTim R Birkhead
Mar 30, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Graham N StoneJoseph Felsenstein
Feb 13, 2010·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·László Z Garamszegi, Anders P Møller
Nov 18, 2014·Nature Communications·David C CollarRita S Mehta
Sep 9, 2015·Experimental Gerontology·Ben Dantzer, Quinn E Fletcher
Dec 17, 2014·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Chad M EliasonMatthew D Shawkey
Feb 18, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Rose L CarlsonThomas J Near
Sep 27, 2007·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Liam J RevellJonathan B Losos
Jan 22, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Brett A GoodmanLin Schwarzkopf
Dec 1, 2006·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Lumir Gvozdík, Raoul Van Damme
Sep 17, 2013·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·David C BlackburnRafe M Brown
Apr 11, 2012·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Florian C BoucherSébastien Lavergne
Sep 6, 2012·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Liam J Revell, R Graham Reynolds
Feb 7, 2015·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Melissah RoweJan T Lifjeld
Mar 31, 2015·Journal of Human Evolution·Manuel Will, Jay T Stock
May 22, 2016·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Katherine E Carter, Steven Worthington
Apr 28, 2007·Systematic Biology·Anthony R IvesTheodore Garland
Jan 2, 2018·Royal Society Open Science·Manuel WillJay T Stock
Nov 26, 2015·Science Advances·Peter O DunnLinda A Whittingham
Jun 20, 2020·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Donald B Miles

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