The effect of ketamine on intraspinal acetylcholine release: involvement of spinal nicotinic receptors

European Journal of Pharmacology
Klas S P AbelsonA Urban Höglund

Abstract

The general anaesthetic ketamine affects the central cholinergic system in several manners, but its effect on spinal acetylcholine release, which may be an important transmitter in spinal antinociception, is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ketamine on spinal acetylcholine release. Microdialysis probes were placed intraspinally in male rats, and acetylcholine was quantified with HPLC. Anaesthesia was switched from isoflurane (1.3%) to ketamine (150 mg/kg h), which resulted in a 500% increased acetylcholine release. The increase was attenuated during nicotinic receptor blockade (50 microM mecamylamine). The nicotinic receptor agonist epibatidine (175 microM) produced a ten-fold higher relative increase of acetylcholine release during isoflurane anaesthesia compared to ketamine anaesthesia (270% to 27%). Intraspinal administration of ketamine and norketamine both increased the acetylcholine release in high concentrations (100 microM to 10 mM). The results indicate that spinal nicotinic receptors are important for the ketamine-induced acetylcholine release, and that the effect is partly mediated at the spinal level.

References

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Nov 25, 2003·Pharmacology & Toxicology·Mahinda Kommalage, A Urban Höglund
May 6, 2004·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Mahinda Kommalage, A Urban Höglund
Sep 3, 2004·Neuroscience Letters·Klas S P AbelsonA Urban Höglund
Mar 1, 2005·European Journal of Pharmacology·Mahinda Kommalage, A Urban Höglund

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Citations

Feb 24, 2009·Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia·Judith A HudetzPaul S Pagel
May 26, 2007·Annales Françaises D'anesthèsie Et De Rèanimation·M De Kock
May 11, 2007·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology·Marc F De Kock, Patricia M Lavand'homme
Feb 21, 2007·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Maria Uustalu, Klas S P Abelson
May 15, 2013·CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics·Jan Persson
Sep 10, 2015·Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians·Andrea SpringerPeter M Kappeler
Oct 20, 2009·European Journal of Pharmacology·Christopher BarkusDavid M Bannerman
May 7, 2008·Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology·Fernande Lois, Marc De Kock

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