The Effect of Light Exposure at Night (LAN) on Carcinogenesis via Decreased Nocturnal Melatonin Synthesis

Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
Aldo GiudiceMaurizio Montella

Abstract

In mammals, a master clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a region that receives input from the retina that is transmitted by the retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN controls the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin by the pineal gland that can influence the activity of the clock's genes and be involved in the inhibition of cancer development. On the other hand, in the literature, some papers highlight that artificial light exposure at night (LAN)-induced circadian disruptions promote cancer. In the present review, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which LAN-evoked disruption of the nocturnal increase in melatonin synthesis counteracts its preventive action on human cancer development and progression. In detail, we discuss: (i) the Warburg effect related to tumor metabolism modification; (ii) genomic instability associated with L1 activity; and (iii) regulation of immunity, including regulatory T cell (Treg) regulation and activity. A better understanding of these processes could significantly contribute to new treatment and prevention strategies against hormone-related cancer types.

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Citations

Jan 24, 2019·IUBMB Life·Kate DavisPauline J van der Watt
Apr 6, 2019·Medicinal Research Reviews·Emilio Gil-MartínAlejandro Romero
Mar 8, 2020·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·Brunella Del Re, Gianfranco Giorgi
Jul 22, 2020·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Andreea Iulia SocaciuArmand Gabriel Râjnoveanu
Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jarosław NuszkiewiczKarolina Szewczyk-Golec
Oct 24, 2020·Current Genomics·Anna BrzeckaGjumrakch Aliev
Mar 17, 2021·Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS·Dexin ShenKaiyu Qian

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenografts
acetylation

Software Mentioned

nTreg

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