The effect of NELL1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on calvarial bone regeneration.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Tara AghalooZhiyuan Zhang

Abstract

Most craniofacial birth defects contain skeletal components that require bone grafting. Although many growth factors have shown potential for use in bone regeneration, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most osteoinductive. However, supraphysiologic doses, high cost, and potential adverse effects stimulate clinicians and researchers to identify complementary molecules that allow a reduction in dose of BMP-2. Because NELL1 plays a key role as a regulator of craniofacial skeletal morphogenesis, especially in committed chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and a previous synergistic mechanism has been identified, NELL1 is an ideal molecule for combination with BMP-2 in calvarial defect regeneration. We investigated the effect of NELL1 and BMP-2 on bone regeneration in vivo. BMP-2 doses of 589 and 1,178 ng were grafted into 5-mm critical-sized rat calvarial defects, as compared with 589 ng of NELL1 plus 589 ng of BMP-2 and 1,178 ng of NELL1 plus 1,178 ng of BMP-2, and bone regeneration was analyzed. Live micro-computed tomography data showed increased bone formation throughout 4 to 8 weeks in all groups but a significant improvement when the lower doses of each molecule were combined. High-resolution micro-computed t...Continue Reading

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