PMID: 2105702Feb 1, 1990Paper

The effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A among foreigners in Nepal

Archives of Internal Medicine
Eli SchwartzR Houston

Abstract

We studied the incidence of enteric fever among travelers and foreign residents who attended an expatriate clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal, from February 1987 to June 1988. There were 42 cases of enteric fever; 20 were caused by Salmonella typhi and 22 by Salmonella paratyphi A. Among 18 unvaccinated foreigners who had enteric fever, S typhi was isolated from 67%, and S paratyphi A from 33%, a ratio similar to the local Nepalese population. Among 22 vaccinated foreigners, S typhi was isolated from 35%, compared with 65% with S paratyphi A. Nine percent of tourists had received the oral Ty21A typhoid vaccine. However, among seven vaccinated tourists who became infected with S typhi, four (57%) had received the oral vaccine. Typhoid vaccine efficacy for tourists was calculated and showed an overall protective rate of 90% against enteric fever in general, 95% protection against S typhi, and 72% to 75% protection against S paratyphi A. We conclude that typhoid vaccine should be recommended to all travelers to the Indian subcontinent, and since S paratyphi A is the predominant cause of enteric fever among vaccinated travelers, consideration should be given to an effective vaccine against S paratyphi A when that becomes available.

Citations

Oct 19, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Buddha BasnyatDavid R Murdoch
Nov 8, 2013·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Eyal MeltzerEli Schwartz
Oct 9, 2013·Journal of Medical Case Reports·Martin GrimmSebastian Weis
Apr 6, 2006·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Ashish P MaskeyBuddha Basnyat
May 23, 2007·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Mary E WilsonUNKNOWN GeoSentinel Surveillance Network
Sep 1, 1995·Journal of Travel Medicine·D R ShlimM Eaton
Oct 16, 2015·BMC Infectious Diseases·Tia SorrellChad K Porter
Jun 4, 2010·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Trupti A PatelTom Doherty
Sep 27, 2005·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Bradley A Connor, Eli Schwartz
Aug 11, 2004·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·V PapadimitropoulosM E Falagas
Jul 9, 2010·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Eyal Meltzer, Eli Schwartz
Jan 5, 2002·BioDrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy·J N Zuckerman
Nov 13, 2012·PloS One·Francesca MicoliLaura B Martin
Sep 24, 2013·Expert Review of Vaccines·Sushant SahastrabuddheR Leon Ochiai

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.