The effect of solvent composition on grafting gallic acid onto chitosan via carbodiimide

Carbohydrate Polymers
Ping GuoSvetlana Zivanovic

Abstract

The primary antioxidant (AOX) activity of chitosan can be introduced by grafting of phenolic compound - gallic acid (GA) to its amino and/or hydroxyl groups. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol (EtOH) concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% in water) on efficiency of grafting GA onto chitosan in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The grafting was confirmed by FTIR and the efficiency was quantified as Folin's total phenolics. When pure deionized water was used as a sole solvent (0% EtOH), GA was grafted to chitosan at the largest extent (285.9mg GA/g chitosan). As the concentration of EtOH increased, the grafting efficiency proportionally decreased. NMR studies showed that EtOH inhibited grafting of GA by prohibiting the production of the intermediate - NHS ester. The results confirm that the concentration of EtOH in grafting solution significantly affects grafting efficiency of GA on chitosan.

References

Feb 15, 1990·Analytical Biochemistry·Z Grabarek, J Gergely
Nov 5, 1997·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·I WernerW Eisenreich
Apr 19, 2002·Food Additives and Contaminants·N de Kruijf NB De Meulenaer
Aug 22, 2002·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·You-Jin JeonFereidoon Shahidi
Jun 20, 2008·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Shen ZhangXuliang Deng
Oct 31, 2008·PLoS Biology·Ola Hermanson
Jul 2, 2009·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Manuela CurcioNevio Picci
Sep 4, 2009·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·S SamS Djebbar
Oct 21, 2009·Drug Delivery·Chuen-Chang Lin, Cheng-Wei Lin
Nov 6, 2009·Carbohydrate Research·Wanvimol PasanphanSuwabun Chirachanchai
Jul 14, 2011·Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC·David RovnyakZe Jiang
Aug 23, 2011·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Cuie WangShou-Jun Xiao
Sep 7, 2011·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Jing LiXi Guang Chen
Feb 5, 2013·Biotechnology Advances·Keikhosro Karimi, Akram Zamani
Apr 10, 2013·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Khaow Tonsomboon, Michelle L Oyen
Jun 19, 2013·Carbohydrate Polymers·Sarekha Woranuch, Rangrong Yoksan
Oct 1, 2013·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Jun LiuChang-hai Jin
Oct 29, 2013·Drug and Chemical Toxicology·Hamed HamishehkarMorteza Eskandani
Jun 8, 2014·Carbohydrate Polymers·Leire IturriagaVéronique Coma
Jul 19, 2014·Meat Science·Carolina E Realini, Begonya Marcos
Aug 19, 2014·Carbohydrate Polymers·Piyasi MukhopadhyayP P Kundu
Sep 2, 2014·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Ganesan KrishnamoorthyMukesh Doble
Sep 10, 2014·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Minhao XieXiaoxiong Zeng
Dec 3, 2014·Carbohydrate Polymers·Lambertus A M van den BroekCarmen G Boeriu
Dec 17, 2014·Carbohydrate Polymers·Luminita MarinBogdan C Simionescu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 4, 2018·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Van Bon NguyenAnh Dzung Nguyen
Dec 17, 2018·Carbohydrate Polymers·Zongbao ZhouShunqing Tang
Nov 20, 2020·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Jinrong BaiXianli Meng
Dec 20, 2017·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Hongxia WangFuyuan Ding

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.