The effect of surgically implanted metallic bullet fragments on the intervertebral disc using a canine model☆

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
N L TindelF J Eismont

Abstract

To characterize the gross, histologic, and systemic changes caused by implantation of metal fragments commonly used in commercial bullets into the intervertebral disc. Long-term complications of retained bullet fragments in the spine have been documented in the literature; however, the impact of different metal projectiles on the intervertebral disc has not been described. This study was performed to assess the local effects of the metallic bullet fragments on the intervertebral disc and their systemic effects regarding metal ion concentrations in serum and solid organs. Animal Model Study. Funding for this project was provided by the Cervical Spine Research Society in the amount of $10,000. Copper, lead, and aluminum alloys from commercially available bullets were surgically implanted into sequential intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine of six canines. Kirschner wire implantation and a sham operation were performed as controls. Radiographs were performed to confirm the location of the bullets. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 6, and 9 months postimplantation. Whole blood, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, kidney tissue, and liver tissue samples were analyzed for copper and lead concentrations. Histologic and gross samples were exa...Continue Reading

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