The effect of the subcutaneous fat on the transfer of current through skin and into muscle

Medical Engineering & Physics
Jerrold Petrofsky

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to see the effect of subcutaneous fat on the transmission characteristics of an electrical stimulus applied to the skin and conducted to skeletal muscle. Two groups of subjects participated. In one, the subjects were three males and three females whose average age was 24.6+/-1.5 years, average weight was 74.8+/-18.2kg, and average height was 176.4+/-10.3cm. The other was a group of 30 subjects who average age was 26.2+/-1.9 years, average height 177.3+/-11.5cm, average weight 92.4+/-19.8kg. Electrical stimulation was applied above the quadriceps muscle at a current of 5mA and with sine and square wave stimulation at a frequency of 30Hz and a pulse width of 250micros. Current movement was measured on the skin and into muscle with surface and needle electrodes. The results showed that the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was directly related to signal loss from the skin (correlation between subcutaneous fat thickness and RC time constant was 0.96, p<0.001). Because of the subcutaneous fat layer and the resulting capacitance, an RC low pass filter is created such that square wave stimuli are not transmitted well into muscle whereas sine wave stimuli pass easily. Thus, when considering...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 12, 2009·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·HyeJin SuhDaryl Lawson
Dec 31, 2011·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·Jerrold Sott PetrofskyRajavi Desai
May 15, 2013·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·Jerrold Scott PetrofskyJoshua Andrade
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