The Effect of Urine Storage on Antiviral and Antibiotic Compounds in the Liquid Phase of Source Separated Urine

Environmental Technology
S T JaatinenT A Tuhkanen

Abstract

The behaviour of pharmaceuticals related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment was studied in the liquid phase of source separated urine during six month storage at 20°C. Six months is the recommended time for hygienisation and use of urine as fertilizer. Compounds were spiked in urine as concentrations calculated to appear in urine. Assays were performed with separate compounds and as therapeutic groups of antivirals, antibiotics and anti-tuberculotics. In addition, urine was amended either with faeces or urease inhibitor. The pharmaceutical concentrations were monitored from filtered samples with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography. The concentration reductions of the studied compounds as such or with amendments ranged from less than 1% to more than 99% after six-month storage. The reductions without amendments were 41.9-99% for anti-tuberculotics; <52% for antivirals (except with 3TC 75.6%) and <50% for antibiotics. In assays with amendments, the reductions were all <50%. Faeces amendment resulted in similar or lower reduction than without it even though bacterial activity should have increased. The urease inhibitor prevented ureolysis and pH rise but did not affect pharmaceutical removal. In concl...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1990·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·K Vance-BryanJ C Rotschafer
Sep 1, 1980·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·R B Patel, P G Welling
Apr 1, 1996·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·E P AcostaC V Fletcher
Mar 1, 1997·Letters in Applied Microbiology·T Brooks, C W Keevil
Aug 5, 1998·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·M A JohnsonM E De Broe
Jul 10, 1999·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·A Al-AhmadK Kummerer
Sep 2, 2000·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·B Halling-SørensenF Ingerslev
Jul 3, 2002·Water Research·Caroline SchönningThor Axel Stenström
May 20, 2003·Water Research·Kai M UdertWilli Gujer
Dec 31, 2003·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·E N KapinusYu A Lyalikov
Dec 14, 2006·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·H HaradaT Nagasaka
Apr 7, 2007·MedGenMed : Medscape General Medicine·Agibothu K Hemanth KumarSoumya Swaminathan
Jul 12, 2008·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Andrew J NunnUNKNOWN UNZA-UCLMS Project LUCOT Collaboration
Jan 30, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Carsten PrasseThomas A Ternes
May 2, 2012·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·B SchürmannJ Pinnekamp
Dec 25, 2013·The Science of the Total Environment·Klaus H HebigTraugott J Scheytt
Jul 13, 2014·Journal of Environmental Management·Shanshan ZhangJing-Yuan Wang
Mar 10, 2015·Trends in Biotechnology·Pablo LedezmaStefano Freguia

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 26, 2021·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Adedapo O Adeola, Patricia B C Forbes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
urine storage

Software Mentioned

MSR

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Antifungals

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.