The effects of a chronic application of chlorpyrifos on the macroinvertebrate fauna in an outdoor artificial stream system: species responses

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
S WardB J Pusey

Abstract

An outdoor artificial stream system was used to examine the effects of a chronic application of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on the invertebrate fauna of the system. Two replicate streams received chlorpyrifos for 21 days at the high dose (5 micrograms.liter-1) or low dose (0.1 microgram.liter-1) or only the carrier solution with which chlorpyrifos is mixed for commercial sale (1,1,1-trichloroethane and xylene). Streams behaved as replicates with respect to five water quality parameters. Seventy-four nonchironomid and 24 chironomid taxa were recorded during the study. The number of taxa and total invertebrate abundance were significantly reduced by both high and low doses of the pesticide. Shannon-Weaver diversity was also reduced by both high and low doses of the pesticide whereas evenness increased in high dose streams. The individual abundances of 9/36 nonchironomid and 13/19 chironomid taxa were significantly reduced by pesticide application; the abundance of one taxon, the gastropod Physastra, increased. The biomass of periphyton in the streams was affected by changes in the abundance of chironomid grazers and Physastra, and the slow recovery of grazers from mortality due to chlorpyrifos appeared to result in...Continue Reading

Citations

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