The effects of incremental costs of smoking and obesity on health care costs among adults: a 7-year longitudinal study

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
James P MoriartyJames M Naessens

Abstract

To provide the simultaneous 7-year estimates of incremental costs of smoking and obesity among employees and dependents in a large health care system. We used a retrospective cohort aged 18 years or older with continuous enrollment during the study period. Longitudinal multivariate cost analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations with demographic adjustments. The annual incremental mean costs of smoking by age group ranged from $1274 to $1401. The incremental costs of morbid obesity II by age group ranged from $5467 to $5530. These incremental costs drop substantially when comorbidities are included. Obesity and smoking have large long-term impacts on health care costs of working-age adults. Controlling comorbidities impacted incremental costs of obesity but may lead to underestimation of the true incremental costs because obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic conditions.

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Citations

Oct 9, 2013·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research·Hilal Maradit KremersDavid G Lewallen
Aug 20, 2014·International Journal of Endocrinology·Marjan NokhbehsaimJames Deschner
Nov 4, 2015·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Zhijun LiBo Li
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May 29, 2014·Population Health Management·Gregory J NormanJoseph Drew
Feb 21, 2014·ISRN Obesity·Jihene MaatougHassen Ghannem
Nov 22, 2012·Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America·Shelby Sullivan
Jun 4, 2015·Revista de saúde pública·Fabiana Maluf RabacowAlex Burdorf
Aug 28, 2016·Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·David D Kim, Anirban Basu
Jul 19, 2013·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·E GrieveM Lean
Jan 24, 2014·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·Nathan KleinmanAnnette Powers
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Oct 4, 2016·Critical Care Nurse·Luis A Berrios
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May 9, 2014·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Hilal Maradit KremersDavid G Lewallen

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