PMID: 11314898Apr 21, 2001Paper

The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices

The British Journal of Medical Psychology
Elizabeth Valentine, C Evans

Abstract

The effects of solo singing, choral singing and swimming on mood and physiological indices were compared. Engaging in these activities reduced tense arousal and increased energetic arousal, positive hedonic tone and heart rate. Effects were greater for swimming than for singing, with little difference between choral and solo singing. Possible mechanisms and the implications for mental well-being are discussed.

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