PMID: 9545135Apr 17, 1998Paper

The effects of the tremorgenic mycotoxin penitrem A on the rat cerebellum

Veterinary Pathology
J B CavanaghP G Mantle

Abstract

Within 10 minutes of intraperitoneal injection of penitrem A (3 mg/kg), rats develop severe generalized tremors and ataxia that persist for up to 48 hours. These are accompanied by a three- to fourfold increase in cerebellar cortical blood flow. Mitochondrial swelling occurs in cerebellar stellate and basket cells within 30 minutes of dosing and persists for more than 12 hours without leading to cell death. From 2 hours, Purkinje cell dendrites show early cytoplasmic condensation accompanied by fine vacuolation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and enlargement of perikaryal mitochondria. From 6 hours, many Purkinje cells develop intense cytoplasmic condensation with eosinophilia that resembles "ischemic cell change," and from 12 hours, many other Purkinje cells show marked watery swelling. Astrocytes begin to swell from 0.5 hours after injection and show hypertrophy of organelles from 6 hours. Also from 6 hours onward, discrete foci of necrosis appear in the granule cell layer, while permeability of overlying meningeal vessels to horseradish peroxidase becomes evident at 8 hours. All changes are more severe in vermis and paravermis. Despite widespread loss of Purkinje cells, the animals' behavior becomes almost normal within a we...Continue Reading

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