The elmiric acids: biologically active anandamide analogs

Neuropharmacology
Sumner Burstein

Abstract

As chemical entities, lipoamino acids have been known for some time. However, more recently their occurrence and importance in mammalian species has been discovered. They appear to have close relationships with the endocannabinoids not only structurally but also in terms of biological actions. The latter include analgesia, anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of cell proliferation and calcium ion mobilization. To date about 40 naturally occurring members of this family have been identified and, additionally, several synthetic analogs have been prepared and studied. To facilitate their identity, a nomenclature system has been suggested based on the name elmiric acid (EMA). The prototypic example, N-arachidonoyl glycine, does not bind to CB1, however it does inhibit the glycine transporter GLYT2a and also appears to be a ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. It may also have a role in regulating tissue levels of anandamide by virtue of its inhibitory effect on FAAH the enzyme that mediates inactivation of anandamide. Its concentration in rat brain is several-fold higher than anandamide supporting its possible role as a physiological mediator. Future studies should be aimed at elucidating the actions of all of t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 23, 2013·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·Simona PisantiMaurizio Bifulco
Feb 10, 2009·The AAPS Journal·Sumner H Burstein, Robert B Zurier
Feb 18, 2014·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Jean CheminPhilippe Lory
Apr 16, 2014·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry·Sumner H Burstein
Jan 24, 2012·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Rina TakenouchiAtsuro Miyata
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Oct 28, 2008·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry·Sumner Burstein, Rebecca Salmonsen
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