The Elusive Anti-Candida Vaccine: Lessons From the Past and Opportunities for the Future

Frontiers in Immunology
Gloria Hoi Wan TsoNorman Pavelka

Abstract

Candidemia is a bloodstream fungal infection caused by Candida species and is most commonly observed in hospitalized patients. Even with proper antifungal drug treatment, mortality rates remain high at 40-50%. Therefore, prophylactic or preemptive antifungal medications are currently recommended in order to prevent infections in high-risk patients. Moreover, the majority of women experience at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) throughout their lifetime and many of them suffer from recurrent VVC (RVVC) with frequent relapses for the rest of their lives. While there currently exists no definitive cure, the only available treatment for RVVC is again represented by antifungal drug therapy. However, due to the limited number of existing antifungal drugs, their associated side effects and the increasing occurrence of drug resistance, other approaches are greatly needed. An obvious prevention measure for candidemia or RVVC relapse would be to immunize at-risk patients with a vaccine effective against Candida infections. In spite of the advanced and proven techniques successfully applied to the development of antibacterial or antiviral vaccines, however, no antifungal vaccine is still available on the market. In this ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 9, 2019·Expert Review of Vaccines·Stewart Sell
Jan 25, 2020·Microorganisms·Diletta RosatiMihai G Netea
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Silvia Sánchez-RamónJosé Luis Subiza
Jan 25, 2020·Scientific Reports·Shikha TarangMichael D Weston
Jul 18, 2020·Microorganisms·Dorota SatalaAndrzej Kozik
Feb 11, 2021·Journal of Fungi·Ebrima BojangRebecca A Hall
Dec 3, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Carmen Rodríguez-CerdeiraJosé Luís González-Cespón
Mar 5, 2021·NPJ Vaccines·Lorena V N OliveiraStuart M Levitz
Apr 12, 2020·Mycopathologia·Patrícia Pimentel de BarrosJuliana Campos Junqueira
Dec 30, 2021·Virulence·José Pedro Lopes, Michail S Lionakis

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