PMID: 9185290Mar 1, 1997Paper

The EM algorithm in medical imaging

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
J Kay

Abstract

This article outlines the statistical developments that have taken place in the use of the EM algorithm in emission and transmission tomography during the past decade or so. We discuss the statistical aspects of the modelling of the projection data for both the emission and transmission cases and define the relevant probability models. This leads to the use of the method of maximum likelihood as a means of estimating the relevant unknown parameters within a given region of a patient's body and to the use of the EM algorithm to compute the reconstruction. Various different types of EM algorithm are discussed, including the SAGE algorithms of Fessler and Hero. The limitations of the EM algorithm, per se, are covered and the need for regularization is stressed. A number of different methods for penalizing the likelihood are described and a number of algorithms for the computation of the penalized EM reconstruction are discussed.

References

Apr 1, 1997·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·J A FesslerK Lange
Jan 1, 1990·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·P J Green
Jan 1, 1990·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·E S ChornoboyD L Snyder
Jan 1, 1990·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·K Lange
Jan 1, 1991·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·G T Herman, D Odhner
Jan 1, 1987·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·L Kaufman
Jan 1, 1987·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·K LangeR Little
Jan 1, 1989·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·T Hebert, R Leahy
Jan 1, 1982·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·L A Shepp, Y Vardi
Jan 1, 1982·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·M M Ter-PogossianJ T Hood
Jan 1, 1987·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·H Hart, Z Liang
Jan 1, 1987·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·E Veklerov, J Llacer
Jan 1, 1995·IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·J A Fessler, A O Hero
Jan 1, 1993·IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·C L Byrne
Jun 1, 1984·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence·S Geman, D Geman

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