The emergence of epitheliocystis in the upper Rhone region: evidence for Chlamydiae in wild and farmed salmonid populations

Archives of Microbiology
Maricruz Guevara SotoHeike Schmidt-Posthaus

Abstract

We present the first study comparing epitheliocystis in a wild and farmed salmonid in Europe. Sampling three tributaries to the Lake Geneva, including one from headwaters to river mouth, revealed an unequal distribution of epitheliocystis in brown trout (Salmo trutta). When evaluated histologically and comparing sites grouped as wild versus farm, the probability of finding infected trout is higher on farms. In contrast, the infection intensities, as estimated by the number of cysts per gill arch, were higher on average and showed maximum values in the wild trout. Sequence analysis showed the most common epitheliocystis agents were Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis, all clustering into a single clade, whereas Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola sequences cluster in two closely related subspecies, of which one was mostly found in farmed fish and the other exclusively in wild brown trout, indicating that farms are unlikely to be the source of infections in wild trout. A detailed morphological analysis of cysts using transmission electron microscopy revealed unique features illustrating the wide divergence existing between Ca. P. salmonis and Ca. C. salmonicola within the phylum Chlamydiae.

References

Jan 1, 1969·Antonie van Leeuwenhoek·G L HoffmanL O Zwillenberg
Feb 13, 1999·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·K D EverettA A Andersen
Oct 10, 2006·Journal of Fish Diseases·B F Nowak, S E LaPatra
Jun 18, 2011·Fish Physiology and Biochemistry·Helmut SegnerLloyd Vaughan

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Citations

May 24, 2018·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Makeely Isabel BlandfordAdam Polkinghorne
Jun 24, 2021·Journal of Fish Biology·Gabriela N NovacovskyMaría C Sueiro

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