The emerging role of epigenetic modifiers in repair of DNA damage associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.

Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation Research
Ning DingHeather M O'Hagan

Abstract

At sites of chronic inflammation epithelial cells are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can contribute to the initiation and development of many different human cancers. Aberrant epigenetic alterations that cause transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes are also implicated in many diseases associated with inflammation, including cancer. However, it is not clear how altered epigenetic gene silencing is initiated during chronic inflammation. The high level of ROS at sites of inflammation is known to induce oxidative DNA damage in surrounding epithelial cells. Furthermore, DNA damage is known to trigger several responses, including recruitment of DNA repair proteins, transcriptional repression, chromatin modifications and other cell signaling events. Recruitment of epigenetic modifiers to chromatin in response to DNA damage results in transient covalent modifications to chromatin such as histone ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation and DNA methylation. DNA damage also alters non-coding RNA expression. All of these alterations have the potential to alter gene expression at sites of damage. Typically, these modifications and gene transcription are restored back to normal once the repair...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 1, 2020·Clinical Genetics·Madeleine Scott, Albertina De Sario
Aug 1, 2018·Oncology Letters·Ting WangTiantian Zhao
Dec 15, 2018·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·Ning DingHeather M O'Hagan
Jun 9, 2020·BioMed Research International·Wentao KuaiYitao Jia
May 4, 2021·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·Anvarsadat KianmehrAbdolkarim Mahrooz
May 27, 2021·Neurochemistry International·Jae Wook HyeonHiroko Yano

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