The Endothelial Glycocalyx: A Fundamental Determinant of Vascular Permeability in Sepsis

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
Jaime Fernández-SarmientoJoseph A Carcillo

Abstract

Sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Children with sepsis often have alterations in microcirculation and vascular permeability. Our objective is current evidence regarding the role of the endothelial glycocalyx as a determinant of capillary leakage in these patients. We reviewed PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar using MeSH terms "glycocalyx", "fluids", "syndecan", "endothelium", "vascular permeability", "edema", "sepsis", "septic shock", "children". Articles in all languages were included. We include all studies in animals and humans related to glycocalyx and vascular permeability. Studies in children and adults, as well as animal studies, were included. One of the fundamental components of the endothelial barrier structure is the glycocalyx. It is a variable thickness layer distributed throughout the whole body, which fulfills a very important function for life: the regulation of blood vessel permeability to water and solutes, favoring vascular protection, modulation, and hemostasis. In the last few years, there has been a special interest in glycocalyx disorders and their relationship to increased vascular permeability, especially in patients with sepsis in whom the alterations that occur in the glycocal...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Monique RadmanJerry Zimmerman
Dec 9, 2020·Antioxidants·Marco B MorelliGaetano Santulli
Jan 28, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Kyle H MooreEric M George
May 1, 2021·Journal of Intensive Care Medicine·Jaime Fernández-SarmientoMartha Reyes C
Jul 30, 2021·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Gemma L CrightonSimon J Stanworth
Sep 21, 2021·Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Chandni Ravi, Daniel W Johnson
Oct 5, 2021·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Jean-Louis VincentPeter Pickkers

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Software Mentioned

Google scholar

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