The enhancement and suppression of immersion mode heterogeneous ice-nucleation by solutes

Chemical Science
Thomas F WhaleBenjamin J Murray

Abstract

Heterogeneous nucleation of ice from aqueous solutions is an important yet poorly understood process in multiple fields, not least the atmospheric sciences where it impacts the formation and properties of clouds. In the atmosphere ice-nucleating particles are usually, if not always, mixed with soluble material. However, the impact of this soluble material on ice nucleation is poorly understood. In the atmospheric community the current paradigm for freezing under mixed phase cloud conditions is that dilute solutions will not influence heterogeneous freezing. By testing combinations of nucleators and solute molecules we have demonstrated that 0.015 M solutions (predicted melting point depression <0.1 °C) of several ammonium salts can cause suspended particles of feldspars and quartz to nucleate ice up to around 3 °C warmer than they do in pure water. In contrast, dilute solutions of certain alkali metal halides can dramatically depress freezing points for the same nucleators. At 0.015 M, solutes can enhance or deactivate the ice-nucleating ability of a microcline feldspar across a range of more than 10 °C, which corresponds to a change in active site density of more than a factor of 105. This concentration was chosen for a survey...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 18, 2019·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Thomas Sayer, Stephen J Cox
Feb 13, 2019·Science Advances·Mark A HoldenHugo K Christenson
Aug 26, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Leif G JahnRyan C Sullivan
Jan 17, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Nobuo Maeda
Jan 20, 2021·Chemistry : a European Journal·Ralph SchwidetzkyKonrad Meister
Apr 28, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mark A HoldenHugo K Christenson
May 12, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Yi RenGrenfell Norman Patey
Aug 25, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Philipp BalohHinrich Grothe

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