The enigma of DNA methylation in the mammalian oocyte.

F1000Research
Hannah Demond, Gavin Kelsey

Abstract

The mammalian genome experiences profound setting and resetting of epigenetic patterns during the life-course. This is understood best for DNA methylation: the specification of germ cells, gametogenesis, and early embryo development are characterised by phases of widespread erasure and rewriting of methylation. While mitigating against intergenerational transmission of epigenetic information, these processes must also ensure correct genomic imprinting that depends on faithful and long-term memory of gamete-derived methylation states in the next generation. This underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms of methylation programming in the germline. De novo methylation in the oocyte is of particular interest because of its intimate association with transcription, which results in a bimodal methylome unique amongst mammalian cells. Moreover, this methylation landscape is entirely set up in a non-dividing cell, making the oocyte a fascinating model system in which to explore mechanistic determinants of methylation. Here, we summarise current knowledge on the oocyte DNA methylome and how it is established, focussing on recent insights from knockout models in the mouse that explore the interplay between methylation and...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 11, 2020·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·David F Albertini
May 14, 2021·Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine·Xiaoman ZhangHaiyan Wei

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
immunoprecipitation
ChIP-seq
gene knockouts
methylation profiling

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