The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance

Journal of Biomechanics
At L Hof

Abstract

The equations of motion for a standing multi-segment human model are derived. Output quantity of these equations is the horizontal acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (CoM). There are three input terms and they can be identified as the three mechanisms by which balance can be maintained: (1) by moving the centre of pressure with respect to the vertical projection of the CoM, (2) by counter-rotating segments around the CoM, and (3) by applying an external force, other than the ground reaction force. For the first two mechanisms the respective contributions to CoM acceleration can be obtained from force plate recordings. This is illustrated by some example data from experiments, which show that the contribution from mechanism 2 can be considerable, e.g. in one-legged standing.

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Citations

Oct 20, 2010·Experimental Brain Research·Emily C KingBrian E Maki
Aug 13, 2013·Experimental Brain Research·A L Hof, J Duysens
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Jan 18, 2011·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·Mark WalshAdamantios Arampatzis
Jul 26, 2015·Journal of Biomechanics·Kuangyou B ChengShih-Yu Kuo
Oct 5, 2010·Gait & Posture·Carolin CurtzeAt L Hof
Jan 10, 2009·Journal of Biomechanics·C DuclosH Corriveau
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