The estrogen metabolites 2-methoxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol inhibit endometriotic cell proliferation in estrogen-receptor-independent manner

Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
Eleftherios P SamartzisBrigitte Leeners

Abstract

Endometriosis, a painful disorder associated with infertility, is estimated to occur in approximately 7-10% of reproductive age women. Although endometriosis is considered as an estrogen-dependent disease, the role of estrogen metabolites via receptor-independent mechanisms has not yet been comprehensively clarified. In the present study, growth studies were performed comparing the effect of estradiol (E2), estrogen metabolites, that is, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), as well as estrogen-receptor-independent mechanisms using the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant, on cell proliferation of endometriotic cells. The estrogen metabolites 2-OHE2 and 2-ME inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in pharmacological doses. Lower concentrations of 2-OHE2 had a stimulating effect on cell proliferation while pharmacologic doses exerted an antimitogenic effect. The effects on cell growth were at least partially receptor-independent, as demonstrated by simultaneous receptor antagonization with fulvestrant. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in pharmacological doses the estrogen metabolites 2-ME and 2-OHE2 show inhibiting effects on the proliferation of endometriotic cells and may be promisi...Continue Reading

References

Jul 2, 1999·Obstetrics and Gynecology·O Abulafia, D M Sherer
Apr 29, 2000·Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation·J GogusevM Levardon
Nov 6, 2001·Drugs·T J Child, S L Tan
Apr 23, 2002·Hypertension·Lefteris C ZachariaRaghvendra K Dubey
Feb 18, 2003·Pharmacotherapy·Nehal J LakhaniWilliam D Figg
Mar 15, 2003·Blood·Martin SattlerRavi Salgia
Apr 24, 2003·International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·H SeegerA O Mueck
Oct 2, 2003·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Samuel SmithJohn A Collins
Feb 12, 2004·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Lefteris C ZachariaEdwin K Jackson
May 4, 2004·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Zhi-Jian Liu, Bao Ting Zhu
Oct 28, 2004·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Raghvendra K DubeyBruno Imthurn
Jan 16, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Serdar E Bulun
Jan 29, 2010·Seminars in Reproductive Medicine·Serdar E BulunEmily J Su
Sep 14, 2010·Molecular Pharmaceutics·Svetlana Verenich, Phillip M Gerk
Aug 10, 2012·Reproductive Sciences·Francisco Machado-LindeJuan J Parrilla

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 27, 2018·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·Xiaoyan LengJiang Wu
Aug 10, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ramiro Rincón-RodriguezPedro A Orihuela
Nov 21, 2020·Reproductive Sciences·Essam R OthmanVelja Mijatovic
Feb 10, 2021·Hormones and Behavior·Brigitte LeenersMichael P Hengartner

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.