The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology

Frontiers in Neuroscience
M Llorens-MartínJesús Ávila

Abstract

Newborn neurons are continuously added to the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood. In this review, we analyze the maturational stages that newborn granule neurons go through, with a focus on their unique morphological features during each stage under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In addition, the influence of deleterious (such as schizophrenia, stress, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, stroke, inflammation, dietary deficiencies, or the consumption of drugs of abuse or toxic substances) and neuroprotective (physical exercise and environmental enrichment) stimuli on the maturation of these cells will be examined. Finally, the regulation of this process by proteins involved in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), Glucocorticoid receptor, pro-inflammatory mediators, Presenilin-1, Amyloid precursor protein, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), among others, will be evaluated. Given the recently acquired relevance of the dendritic branch as a functional synaptic unit required for memory storage, a full understanding of the morphological alterations observed in newborn neurons may have important consequences for the prevention...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 3, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jisoo S HanSergi Simó
Apr 10, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·María Isabel CuarteroMaría Ángeles Moro
Nov 25, 2019·Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B·Victor Rodrigues SantosOlagide Wagner de Castro

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
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