The evolution of chemical patterns in reactive liquids, driven by hydrodynamic instabilities

Chaos
D. Avnir, M Kagan

Abstract

We summarize our activity in unveiling a very wide phenomenon: When a chemical reaction takes place at a liquid interface, spectacular patterns of product form (see Plate 1). The pattern formation phenomenon is general, and is observed in reactions between liquids separated by a membrane, in liquids subjected to gaseous reactants, and in photoreactive liquids. We have demonstrated the phenomenon on over 100 different reactions of all types, thus discovering what we believe to be one of the widest macroscopic pattern formation processes known to chemistry. As can be seen in the accompanying pictures, the richness, beauty, and variations in types of patterns can be breathtaking. Two important aspects of these patterns are noted: First, the patterns are true far-from-equilibrium structures, which are maintained only as long as reactants are available, or only as long as light energy is supplied to the system; and second, the chemical products that form the patterns are not precipitates, but are entirely soluble in the liquid in which they form. Thus, if the containers in which the patterns form are shaken or stirred, a homogeneous solution results. Our research of this phenomenon concentrated on three main aspects. The first one w...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1991·Chaos·Anatol M. Zhabotinsky
Dec 1, 1991·Chaos·Q. Ouyang, Harry L. Swinney
Dec 1, 1980·Optics Letters·O Kafri

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Citations

Oct 2, 2012·Chaos·Federico RossiJorge Carballido-Landeira
May 6, 2006·The Journal of Chemical Physics·L Rongy, A De Wit
Sep 4, 2008·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·A J PonsM A Bees
Aug 15, 2015·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Dmitry BratsunElena Mosheva
Jul 16, 2014·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·H Affan, R Friedrich
Dec 11, 2014·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·Thomas KöllnerThomas Boeck

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