The evolution of host plant manipulation by insects: molecular and ecological evidence from gall-forming aphids on Pistacia

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
M InbarDavid Wool

Abstract

One of the most striking characteristics of gall-forming insects is the variability in gall position, morphology, and complexity. Our knowledge of the driving forces behind the evolutionary divergence of gall types is limited. Natural enemies, competition, and behavioral constraints might be involved. We present a cladogram, based on sequences of COI and COII (1952bp), of mitochondrial DNA for the evolution of 14 species of gall-forming aphids (Fordinae). These insects induce five gall types with remarkable morphological variation on Pistacia spp. hosts. The parsimony cladogram divides the Fordinae into three lineages, Fordini and Baizongiini, and a third (new) sister group including the previously Fordini member, Smynthurodes betae (West). We then use ecological data to trace and explain the evolution of gall morphology. The aphids seem to have evolved gradually towards better ability to manipulate their host plant, induce stronger sinks, and gain higher reproductive success. We suggest that the ancestral gall type was a simple, open, "pea"-sized gall located on the leaflet midvein. Some Fordini and S. betae evolved a two-gall life cycle, inducing a new gall type on the leaflet margin. The Baizongiini improved the manipulation...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 12, 2013·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Michael RostásMoshe Inbar
Sep 27, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Paul D NabityEvan H DeLucia
Dec 4, 2003·Annual Review of Entomology·David Wool
May 25, 2012·Oecologia·S A HaidenM D Cramer
Jul 17, 2012·Nuclear Medicine and Biology·Abigail P FerrieriJack C Schultz
Jun 15, 2010·Comptes rendus biologies·Jean PeccoudEmmanuelle Jousselin
Apr 19, 2007·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Jeffrey B Joy, Bernard J Crespi
Sep 1, 2004·Human Nature : an Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective·Todd K ShackelfordRichard L Michalski
Nov 23, 2011·Plant Signaling & Behavior·Yoram Gerchman, Moshe Inbar
Jun 27, 2012·Environmental Entomology·A RamanA Popay
Aug 10, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Mayako KutsukakeTakema Fukatsu
Jul 14, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Łukasz DepaMariusz Kanturski
Aug 1, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Xiaoming ChenMing-Shun Chen
May 30, 2006·The Journal of Experimental Biology·James A Fordyce
Jun 16, 2021·Journal of Experimental Botany·Rachel Davidovich-RikanatiEfraim Lewinsohn

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